Amarangi y'indorerwamo si mashya ku bantu benshi, kandi ni yo agira uruhare runini mu gukosora myopia no gushyira mu mwanya wayo. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'amarangi ku marangi y'indorerwamo,nk'imyambaro y'icyatsi kibisi, iy'ubururu, iy'ubururu n'umuhengeri, ndetse n'iyitwa "imyambaro y'izahabu y'abaturage" (ijambo rikoreshwa mu gushushanya ibara rya zahabu).Gushira no kwangirika kw'amabara y'indorerwamo ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zo gusimbuza amabara y'indorerwamo. Uyu munsi, reka twige ku bumenyi bujyanye n'amabara y'indorerwamo.
Mbere y’uko lenzi za resin zibaho, lenzi z’ikirahure ni zo zonyine zari zihari ku isoko. Lenzi z’ikirahure zifite ibyiza nko kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo kurekura urumuri rwinshi, kohereza urumuri rwinshi, no gukomera cyane, ariko kandi zifite n’ibibura: zoroshye kumena, ziremereye, kandi ntizitezwe n’umutekano, n’ibindi.
Kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo by’indorerwamo z’ibirahuri, abakora ubushakashatsi banakora ibikoresho bitandukanye bagerageza gusimbuza indorerwamo kugira ngo bakore indorerwamo. Ariko, ibi bikoresho ntibyari byiza—buri gikoresho gifite ibyiza n’ibibi byacyo, bigatuma bidashoboka kugera ku musaruro uboneye uhagije ku byo ukeneye byose. Ibi birimo n’indorerwamo za resin (ibikoresho bya resin) zikoreshwa muri iki gihe.
Ku birahuri bya resin bigezweho, gusiga irangi ni igikorwa cy'ingenzi.Ibikoresho bya resin bifite ubwoko bwinshi, nka MR-7, MR-8, CR-39, PC, na NK-55-C.Hariho kandi n'ibindi bikoresho byinshi bya resin, buri kimwe gifite imiterere itandukanye gato. Yaba ikirahuri cyangwa ikirahuri, iyo urumuri runyuze mu buso bwa lens, habaho ibintu byinshi by'urumuri: kurekura, kurekura, kwinjiza, gukwirakwira, no kohereza.
Irangi rirwanya kugarura urumuri
Mbere y'uko urumuri rugera ku buso bwa lens, ingufu z'urumuri rwayo ni 100%. Ariko, iyo ruvuye inyuma ya lens rukinjira mu jisho ry'umuntu, ingufu z'urumuri ntiziba zikiri 100%. Uko ingufu z'urumuri zigumana ari nyinshi, niko urumuri rurushaho kohereza neza, kandi ubwiza n'ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho birushaho kwiyongera.
Ku bwoko bw'ibikoresho bya lens bihoraho, kugabanya igihombo cyo kugarura urumuri ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kunoza uburyo urumuri rutwara. Uko urumuri rugenda rugaragara cyane, ni ko uburyo urumuri rwa lens rugenda rugabanuka, kandi ubwiza bwo gufata amashusho burushaho kuba bubi. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kugarura urumuri bwabaye ikibazo cyingenzi kigomba kwitabwaho ku lens za resin—kandi ubu ni bwo uburyo bwo gushyiramo udupira duto (tuzwi kandi nka anti-reflection films cyangwa AR coatings) dushyirwa ku lens (mu ntangiriro, udupira duto dukoresha anti-reflective coating twakoreshwaga ku lens zimwe na zimwe z'amatara).
Ibyuma birwanya urumuri bikoresha ihame ryo kubangamira urumuri. Bikura isano iri hagati y’ubushyuhe bw’urumuri rw’urwego rurwanya urumuri rw’ikirahure cya lens hamwe n’ibintu nk’uburebure bw’urumuri rw’impanuka, ubunini bw’ikirahure, igipimo cyo kugarura urumuri, n’igipimo cyo kugarura urumuri cya lens. Iyi miterere ituma imirasire y’urumuri inyura muri icyo gikoresho ihagarara, bigabanura igihombo cy’ingufu z’urumuri ku buso bw’ikirahure kandi bikanoza ubwiza n’ubushobozi bwo gufata amashusho.
Inyinshi mu myenda irinda urumuri ikorwa mu byuma bifite isuku nyinshi nka titanium oxide na cobalt oxide. Ibi bikoresho bishyirwa ku buso bw'ikirahuri binyuze mu nzira yo guhumeka (vacuum evaporation coating) kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka nziza zo kurwanya urumuri. Ibisigazwa akenshi bigumaho nyuma y'inzira yo kurwanya urumuri, kandi inyinshi muri izi myenda zigaragaza ibara ry'icyatsi kibisi.
Muri rusange, ibara ry'imyambaro idatanga urumuri rishobora kugenzurwa—urugero, ishobora gukorwa nk'imyambaro y'ubururu, iy'ubururu-umuhengeri, iy'umuhengeri, iy'ikijuju, n'ibindi. Imyambaro y'amabara atandukanye iratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo ikorwa. Fata urugero rw'imyambaro y'ubururu: iy'ubururu isaba kugenzura iy'urumuri ruto, bigatuma inzira yo kuyisiga igorana kurusha iy'icyatsi kibisi. Ariko, itandukaniro mu kohereza urumuri hagati y'imyambaro y'ubururu n'iy'icyatsi kibisi rishobora kuba munsi ya 1%.
Mu bicuruzwa bya lens, irangi ry'ubururu rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu lens zo hagati kugeza ku rwego rwo hejuru. Muri rusange, irangi ry'ubururu rifite uburyo bwo kohereza urumuri bwinshi kurusha irangi ry'icyatsi kibisi (ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibi ari "mu by'ukuri"). Ibi biterwa nuko urumuri ari uruvange rw'imiraba ifite uburebure butandukanye bw'uburebure, kandi aho amashusho y'uburebure butandukanye kuri retina aratandukanye. Mu bihe bisanzwe, urumuri rw'umuhondo n'icyatsi kibisi rufatwa neza neza kuri retina, kandi urumuri rw'icyatsi kibisi rufasha cyane mu kumenya amakuru aboneka—bityo, ijisho ry'umuntu rirushaho kumva urumuri rw'icyatsi kibisi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-06-2025