Myopia (kutareba hafi) yabaye ikibazo gikomeye ku isi ku rubyiruko,Biterwa n'ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi: kumara igihe kirekire hafi y'akazi (nk'amasaha 4-6 ku munsi akora umukoro, amasomo yo kuri interineti, cyangwa imikino) hamwe n'igihe gito cyo hanze. Nk'uko imibare y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ibivuga, abangavu barenga 80% bo muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba barwaye indwara ya myopia - iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'impuzandengo y'isi ya 30%. Igiteye impungenge kurushaho ni uko amaso y'ingimbi n'abangavu akiri mu cyiciro gikomeye cy'iterambere: amaso yabo (intera iri hagati y'imboni n'inyuma y'umugongo) yiyongera vuba mu myaka iri hagati ya 12 na 18. Iyo idacunzwe, myopia ishobora kwiyongeraho dogere 100-200 buri mwaka, bikongera ibyago byo kugira ibibazo by'amaso by'igihe kirekire nka myopia nyinshi, gucika kw'ijisho, ndetse na glaucoma mu gihe cy'ubukure.
Indorerwamo gakondo zikoresha uburyo bumwe bwo kureba gusa zikosora gusa intera iriho yo kureba mu buryo butagaragara neza—ntacyo zigira mu kugabanya izamuka ry’isura ya myopia. Aha niho indorerwamo za multi-point defocus zigaragara nk'igisubizo gihindura umukino. Bitandukanye n'indorerwamo zisanzwe, zikora "hyperopic defocus" (ishusho idasobanutse neza) inyuma ya retina, izi ndorerwamo zihariye zikoresha ubwoko burambuye bwa micro-lens cyangwa uturere tw’ijisho ku buso bwa lens. Ubu buryo butuma habaho kureba neza hagati mu mirimo ya buri munsi (nk'uko usoma igitabo cyangwa kureba ikibaho cyo mu ishuri) mu gihe ugakora "myopic defocus" (amashusho asobanutse neza) ku bice byo hanze bya retina. Ubu buryo bwo kurekura isura butanga ikimenyetso cy'ibinyabuzima cyo "guhagarara gukura" ku jisho, bigatinza uburebure bw'umurongo w'ijisho—impamvu nyamukuru yo kwiyongera kwa myopia. Ubushakashatsi bwa muganga muri Aziya no mu Burayi bwagaragaje ko indorerwamo za multi-point defocus zigabanya izamuka rya myopia ku kigero cya 50-60% ugereranije n'indorerwamo zisanzwe.
Uretse imikorere yazo nyamukuru yo kugenzura indwara ya myopia, izi lens zigenewe cyane cyane imibereho y’ingimbi n’abangavu. Inyinshi muri zo zikozwe mu bikoresho bya polycarbonate bidapfa kugwa, bishobora kwihanganira kugwa ku bw’impanuka (bisanzwe ku mufuka w’inyuma cyangwa ibikoresho bya siporo) kandi biramba inshuro 10 kurusha lens zisanzwe z’ibirahure. Nanone zoroshye—zipima 30-50% munsi y’lens zisanzwe—zigabanya umunaniro w’amaso no kubabara ndetse na nyuma y’amasaha arenga 8 yo kwambarwa (umunsi wose w’ishuri hamwe n’ibikorwa bya nyuma y’ishuri). Modeli nyinshi zirimo kandi uburinzi bw’imirasire ya UV, bukingira amaso y’ingimbi imirasire ya UVA/UVB yangiza iyo bari hanze (urugero, kujya ku ishuri cyangwa gukina umupira w’amaguru).
Kugira ngo ama-lens arusheho gukora neza, agomba guhuzwa n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kureba. Itegeko rya "20-20-20" ryoroshye gukurikiza: buri minota 20 yo kwipimisha cyangwa gukora hafi, reba ikintu kiri kuri metero 20 (hafi metero 6) uvuye aho uri mu gihe cy'amasegonda 20 kugira ngo worohereze imitsi y'amaso ikora cyane. Impuguke kandi zisaba amasaha 2 yo kumara hanze buri munsi—izuba risanzwe rifasha kugenzura ibimenyetso by'ikura ry'ijisho kandi rigatuma amaso atagira umuvuduko. Byongeye kandi, gusuzumwa amaso buri gihembwe ni ngombwa: abaganga b'amaso bashobora gukurikirana iterambere rya myopia no guhindura amabwiriza y'ama-lens uko bikenewe kugira ngo bajyane n'impinduka mu buzima bw'amaso bw'ingimbi n'abangavu.
Indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa Multi-point defocus ni ibirenze igikoresho cyo gukosora amaso gusa—ni imari mu buzima bw’ijisho bw’ingimbi n’abangavu. Mu gukemura impamvu nyamukuru y’iterambere rya myopia no guhuza neza n’ubuzima bw’ingimbi n’abangavu, zitanga uburyo bwizewe bwo kurinda amaso meza ubu no mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2025