Kubera ko amasaha y'izuba agenda arushaho kuba maremare kandi izuba rikabije, kugenda mu mihanda, ntibigoye kubona ko abantu benshi bambara amatara ya photochromic kurusha mbere. Indorerwamo z'izuba za muganga zagiye ziyongera mu nganda zicuruza imyenda y'amaso mu myaka ya vuba aha, kandi amatara ya photochromic aracyari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kugurisha mu mpeshyi. Isoko n'abaguzi bemera amatara ya photochromic bituruka ku buryo ateye, uburyo akingira urumuri, n'ibyo bakeneye mu gutwara imodoka.
Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi bazi ingaruka z'imirasire ya ultraviolet ishobora guteza ku ruhu. Indabyo z'izuba, parasol, ingofero za baseball, ndetse n'ibipfukisho by'amaboko bya barafu byabaye ibintu by'ingenzi mu ngendo zo mu mpeshyi. Ingaruka imirasire ya ultraviolet ishobora kugaragara ku maso zishobora kudahita zigaragara nk'uruhu rwahindutse ibara ry'umuhondo, ariko mu gihe kirekire, kwiyakira cyane bishobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye. Indwara z'amaso nka cataracts na macular degeneration ifitanye isano n'izabukuru byagaragaye ko bifite isano itaziguye cyangwa itaziguye n'iy'imirasire ya ultraviolet. Muri iki gihe, abaguzi b'Abashinwa ntibafite igitekerezo kimwe cy' "igihe cyo kwambara indorerwamo z'izuba" hashingiwe ku miterere y'izuba. Akenshi, ahantu ho hanze hagaragara urumuri hasanzwe hasaba uburinzi bw'urumuri, ariko abaguzi benshi bumva ko "ari ngombwa" kandi bagahitamo kutarwambara. Muri iki gihe, lenses za photochromic, zitanga uburinzi bw'amaso no kurinda urumuri hatabayeho gukuraho nk'indorerwamo z'izuba zisanzwe ahantu hatandukanye, ziri kwemerwa n'abantu benshi.
Ihame ryo guhindura amabara mu mboni za photochromic rishingiye kuri "photochromism." Mu bintu byo hanze, izi mboni zihinduka umukara zikamera nk'indorerwamo z'izuba hanyuma zigasubira kuba nziza kandi zibonerana imbere mu nzu. Iyi miterere ifitanye isano n'ikintu kizwi nka halide y'ifeza. Mu gihe cyo gukora, abakora lens bashyira mu gice cyo hasi cyangwa cya firime cy'izi lens hamwe na microcrystals za halide y'ifeza. Iyo ishyizwe ku mucyo mwinshi, halide y'ifeza irabora ikaba iyoni z'ifeza na iyoni za halide, ikanyunyuza urumuri rwinshi rwa ultraviolet n'urumuri ruto rugaragara. Iyo urumuri ruri mu bidukikije rugabanutse, iyoni z'ifeza na iyoni za halide zisubiranamo halide y'ifeza bitewe n'ingaruka za okiside y'umuringa, bigatuma ibara ry'izi lens rigabanuka kugeza igihe riboneye kandi ribonerana.
Impinduka z'amabara mu mboni z'izuba ni ingaruka z'uruhererekane rw'ibikorwa bya shimi bishobora guhinduka, aho urumuri (harimo n'urumuri rugaragara n'urumuri rwa ultraviolet) rugira uruhare runini muri ibyo bikorwa. Birumvikana ko ingaruka z'imikorere yo guhindura amabara zigira ingaruka ku bihe by'umwaka n'ikirere, bityo ntizihora zikomeza kugira ingaruka zihamye kandi zihamye.
Muri rusange, mu gihe cy'izuba ryinshi, ubukana bw'imirasire ya ultraviolet buba bukomeye, biganisha ku gukora cyane kwa photochromic, kandi lens zijimye cyane. Mu buryo bunyuranye, mu minsi y'ibicu, iyo imirasire ya UV n'ubukana bw'urumuri biba bike, lens zisa n'aho zoroshye. Byongeye kandi, uko ubushyuhe bugenda bwiyongera, ibara rya lens ya photochromic rigenda ryoroha buhoro buhoro. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo ubushyuhe bugabanutse, lens zijimye buhoro buhoro. Ibi biterwa nuko iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru, iyons za silver na iyons za halide, zari zarangiritse mbere, zigabanuka zikajya muri halide ya silver bitewe n'ingufu nyinshi, bigatuma ibara rya lens rigabanuka.
Ku bijyanye n'indorerwamo za photochromic, hari ibibazo bimwe na bimwe n'ibintu by'ingenzi bikunze kubazwa:
Ese lenses za photochromic zifite urumuri ruciriritse/urumuri rusobanutse ugereranije na lenses zisanzwe?
Indorerwamo nziza cyane zikoresha urumuri rutukura ntizigira ibara na gato iyo zidakozwe kandi ntizitanga urumuri ruke ugereranyije n'indorerwamo zisanzwe.
Kuki lentile za photochromic zidahindura ibara?
Kutagira impinduka mu ibara ry’indorerwamo za photochromic bifitanye isano n’ibintu bibiri: imiterere y’urumuri n’ikintu kigira photochromic (silver halide). Niba bidahinduye ibara ndetse no mu rumuri rwinshi n’imirasire ya UV, birashoboka ko ikintu kigira photochromic cyangiritse.
Ese ingaruka z'amabara y'indorerwamo za photochromic zizarushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita?
Nk’uko bimeze ku ma lens asanzwe, lens zifite photochromic nazo ziramara igihe kirekire. Iyo zifashwe neza, muri rusange zimara imyaka irenga 2-3.
Kuki lenses za photochromic zigenda zihinduka umukara burundu uko igihe kigenda gihita?
Iyo lenses za photochromic zijimye uko igihe kigenda kandi ntizishobore gusubira ku mucyo burundu, ni uko igikoresho cyazo cya photochromic kidashobora gusubira uko cyari kimeze nyuma yo guhindura ibara, bigatuma ibara risigara. Iki kintu gikunze kugaragara cyane mu lenses zidafite ubuziranenge, mu gihe lenses nziza za photochromic zitazagira iki kibazo.
Kuki lenses z'imvi ari zo zikunze kugaragara ku isoko?
Indorerwamo z'ikijuju zishobora kwakira imirasire ya infrared na 98% by'imirasire ya UV. Akamaro gakomeye k'indorerwamo z'ikijuju ni uko zidahindura amabara y'umwimerere y'ibintu, bigagabanya ubukana bw'urumuri. Zifata urumuri ku buryo bungana mu miterere yose, bityo ibintu bisa n'ibijimye ariko nta guhindagurika gukomeye kw'amabara, bigatanga ishusho nyayo kandi isanzwe. Byongeye kandi, ikijuju ni ibara ridafite aho ribogamiye, rikwiriye buri wese, bigatuma rikundwa cyane ku isoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 11-2024